How to Test Hot Springs Water Quality

Soak Safety: A Guide to Testing Natural Hot Springs Water Quality

When it comes to soaking in natural hot springs, safety is a top concern. While many experienced hot springers have soaked in less-than-ideal conditions and lived to tell the tale, it's essential to take precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. In this guide, we'll explore the techniques for testing water quality and assessing soak safety at primitive backcountry hot springs.

pH Water Quality Testing

One of the simplest and most effective ways to test hot springs water quality is by using pH test strips. The strips that are specific to water testing can be purchased online and at restaurant supply stores. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower numbers indicating acidic mineral content and higher numbers indicating alkaline mineral content. A pH of 7 is considered neutral.

Alkaline soaks, with a higher pH level, are generally better for the skin, as they contain minerals that are gentle and nourishing. On the other hand, acidic-based hot springs can be harsh on the skin and body. When testing the pH level, it's crucial to record the temperature at the same time, as pH is directly tied to temperature.

pH Strip Testing Tips

• pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of water. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
• Alkaline springs (pH > 7) are generally preferred for soaking as they tend to be gentler on the skin.
• Acidic springs (pH < 7) can cause skin irritation and dryness.
• Use reliable pH test strips or a digital pH meter for accurate readings.
• Ideal range: 7-9 is generally considered a good range for soaking.

Hustle and Flow: Water Flow Rate and Pool Size

The amount of hot water flowing into a pool and the pool's size are critical factors in assessing soak safety. Low flow rates and stagnant water can create an environment conducive to poor water quality and the presence of bacterial buildup and pesky insects.

Assessing Flow Rate

• Observe the source of the hot spring. Is it a vigorous flow or a slow seep?
• Observe the pool for surface debris that is not moving, this is a sign of low flow.
• Observe the surrounding area. Does runoff from nearby areas drain into the springs? This could bring in unwanted pollution.
• Observe the color and turbidity of the water. Murky or discolored water can be a sign of poor quality.

Test Flow Rate with the Quart Container Method

To evaluate the flow rate, you can time how long it takes to fill a quart container with hot water and divide by 15 to get the Gallons Per Minute (GPM) flow rate.

A good flow rate for a hot spring can vary depending on the size of the pool and the number of users. However, here are some general guidelines for flow rates:

• Low flow rate: Less than 1 Gallon Per Minute (GPM) - This can lead to stagnant water and increased risk of bacterial and algal growth.
• Moderate flow rate: 1-5 GPM - This is a relatively safe flow rate, but may still allow for some bacterial growth and sediment accumulation.
• Good flow rate: 5-10 GPM - This flow rate can help to maintain good water quality and reduce the risk of bacterial and algal growth.
• High flow rate: 10-20 GPM - This flow rate can provide excellent water quality and minimize the risk of bacterial and algal growth.
• Very high flow rate: More than 20 GPM - This flow rate can be excessive and may lead to erosion or other environmental issues.

Here's a chart to help illustrate these guidelines:

Keep in mind that these are general guidelines, and the ideal flow rate may vary depending on the specific hot spring and its surroundings. It's always a good idea to consult with a water quality expert or conduct regular water testing to ensure the water is safe for soaking.

In terms of pool size, a general rule of thumb is to aim for a flow rate of at least 1-2 GPM per 100 square feet of pool surface area. For example:

• Small pool (100-200 square feet): 1-4 GPM
• Medium pool (200-400 square feet): 2-8 GPM
• Large pool (400-600 square feet): 4-12 GPM
• Extra-large pool (more than 600 square feet): 6-20 GPM or more

Remember, these are rough estimates, and the ideal flow rate may vary depending on the specific hot spring and its surroundings.

Red Spider Mite Infestations

Red spider mites (RSM) are a growing concern in hot springs. These barely visible critters inhabit some hot springs and have been known to bite soak seekers from top to bottom, resulting in itchy red sores all over the body that last for a couple of weeks. When visiting a new hot spring, it's essential to be aware of the risk of RSM infestations and take precautions to avoid transporting them.

• These tiny arachnids can cause skin irritation. Inspect the water surface and surrounding rocks for their presence.
• Learn all about red spider mites and which Western US hot springs are infested.

Wildlife Concerns

Some hot springs pools are fed directly from the source, while others are fed by water that has been exposed to atmospheric and environmental elements, including wildlife. When scouting a new hot spring, it's crucial to look for signs of wildlife, such as downed carcasses or animal feces, in or around the pool source. Additionally, be aware of any trash or debris left behind by previous visitors.

• Scout the area for animal droppings, carcasses, and other signs of contamination.

Additional Hot Springs Water Quality Risks

Algae Growth: Excessive algae growth can indicate high nutrient levels and potential bacterial contamination.

Acanthamoeba: This free-living amoeba can cause severe infections, including Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (brain infection). Infection risk is higher when water enters the nasal passages. Therefore, keeping your head above water and avoiding splashing is essential. While signage may indicate known Acanthamoeba risks, its absence doesn't guarantee safety.

Pathogenic Bacteria: Hot springs can harbor various bacteria, including E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fecal coliforms, which can cause skin infections, gastrointestinal issues, and other illnesses.

Chemical Contaminants: Natural hot springs can contain high concentrations of minerals and heavy metals. While some minerals are beneficial, excessive levels of arsenic, mercury, and other substances can pose health risks.

Parasites and Other Organisms: Beyond Acanthamoeba, other parasites and organisms, such as Naegleria fowleri (another brain-eating amoeba), can thrive in warm water environments.

Tips for Testing Hot Springs Water Quality

To ensure a safe and enjoyable soaking experience, follow these general tips:

• Always test the pH level and temperature of the water before soaking.
• Evaluate the flow rate and pool size to ensure adequate water circulation.
• Be aware of the risk of RSM infestations and take precautions to avoid transporting them.
• Scout the area for signs of wildlife and trash before soaking.
• Keep your head above water to avoid the risk of acanthamoeba infection.
• Avoid soaking if you have open wounds or skin infections.
• Consult local authorities for information on water quality and safety advisories.
• Follow the hot springer's motto: pack it in, pack it out, and leave the area in the same condition as you found it.

By following these guidelines and taking the necessary precautions, you can enjoy a safe and relaxing soak in natural hot springs. Remember to always prioritize soak safety and respect the environment to ensure a positive experience for yourself and future visitors. ⛑️